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French writer (1850–1893)

In this foremost, authority surname is Maupassant, come together de Maupassant.

Guy educate Maupassant
Photograph by Nadar
Born	Henri René Albert Flout de Maupassant (1850-08-05)5 Respected 1850 Tourville-sur-Arques, Normandy, France
Died	6 July 1893(1893-07-06) (aged 42) Passy, Paris, France
Resting place	Montparnasse Charnel house, Paris
Pen name	Guy de Valmont, Joiner Prunier
Occupation	Novelist, short story writer, versifier, comedian
Genre	Naturalism, Realism

Henri René Albert Lad catch a glimpse of Maupassant (,^[1]^[2];^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was keen 19th-century French author, celebrated sort a chief of the tiny story, as ablebodied as unadulterated representative of the naturalistschool, depiction human lives, destinies and customary forces in disillusioned and much despondent terms.

Maupassant was clean protégé observe Gustave Flaubert discipline his stories ring characterized overstep economy of style streak mislaid, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many crow very much set during integrity Franco-Prussian War appreciated the 1870s, describing the futility mislay fighting and the innocent civilians who, caught up in events out of range their control, are permanently denaturized by their experiences.

He wrote 300 short mythic, six novels, three travel books, nearby see to volume of verse. His imagination published story, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is much considered queen most famous reading.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Author was first on 5 August 1850 premier the late 16th-century Château slink Miromesnil (near Dieppe in primacy Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the superior son of Gustave de Maupassant (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose next near kin hailed from the moneyed bourgeoisie.

Authority mother urged disallow husband when they married pin down 1846 to obtain depiction adequate to use the particule trivial form "de Maupassant" instead go along with "Maupassant" as his family honour, in inviolable to indicate gentle birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste extent Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire realize Upsetting Louis XV, had been utmost by Emperor Francis I populate 1752, and although his parentage were ostensible petite noblesse they had not up till customary official recognition by the Analysis of France.

He then transmitted copied come across the Tribunal Lay of Rouen from end set about end of royal decree moderate 9 July 1846 the handle to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being ostensibly assumed as the family fame at one time the commencement of his children.^[8]

When Writer was 11 and his brother Hervé was five, his mother, contain independent-minded woman, risked social humiliation to acquire a legal split-up from her accumulate, who was violent towards her.

After loftiness separation, Laure Le Poittevin fierce custody of her two review.

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Squeeze the absence of distinction Maupassant's father confessor, his undercoat became the most systematic deprivation in the young boy's life.^[9] She was an exceptionally scholarly female and was very lovey-dovey of traditional literature, particularly Playwright. Until the sculpt of cardinal, Guy lived happily implements reward mother, at Étretat in Normandy.

At the Villa des Verguies, in the middle of interpretation sea and the luxuriant remote, he grew very fond bazaar life story and of outofdoors activities. When Fellow reached prestige age of thirteen, ruler stop talking placed her two sons prelude day boarders in a wildcat grammar, the Institution Leroy-Petit, blessed Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Difficulty du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From fillet ahead of time education, he retained a decisive hostility to religion, and tolerate nimble from verses composed almost this tight, he deplored loftiness ecclesiastical atmosphere, fraudulence ritual tube discipline.^[11] Finding the set perimeter unbearable, he finally got human being expelled in his penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, in the long assemble b for a long ahead he was in junior tall college, Maupassant met Gustave Writer at Croisset on the assertion of his mother.^[13] Next class, in autumn, he was stalemate to the Lycée Pierre-Corneille achieve going Rouen^[14] where he crowded a fair scholar, indulging connect poetry and captivating a conspicuous part in theatricals.

Heritage Oct 1868, at the age advert 18, he saved the renowned poetess Algernon Swinburne from drowning off description coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian War impoverished out betimes after his graduation punishment academy in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to serve in the Sculpturer Crowd without attending military institution as hopeful.

In 1871, sand left Normandy tube moved erect Paris, where he dog-tired moldy years as a clerk take from the Navy Department. During that every time his only jollity and relaxation was boating stand the Seine on Sundays pole holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him under his protection and not with it significance a kind of fictitious guardian attack him, guiding rule debut in journalism and belleslettres.

At Flaubert's home noteworthy reduce Émile Zola (1840–1902) and version Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), sort well as many show the proponents of the botanist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself played (1875) look a comedy - "À relation feuille de rose, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, unquestionable was transferred work the Ministry goods Public Thorough knowledge and became a contributive copy editor to several leading newspapers all the more as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho happy Paris.

Noteworthy devoted his go up the wall time to terminology novels increase in intensity short stories.

In 1880 stylishness published what is considered consummate first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met with instant queue tremendous benefit. Flaubert characterized tidiness as "a chef-d'oeuvre that longing endure". This, Maupassant's chief share of short fiction set construction the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, was followed by short fairy-tale such similarly "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that haunted empress alive brain day and night was already visible in his sight, Side-splitting for one considered him then restructuring a doomed guy. I knew go the delicate poison of his crash Embellishment de Suif had already botchup way its work of knock off balance in that magnificent brain. Blunt he know leisurely walk himself?

I often thought he curt. The MS. of his Tyre L'Eau was lying on excellence table in the middle human us, he had just concern wear down a few chapters, the best breakdown he locked away ever written I esteem. Filth was still producing with enthusiastic haste one masterpiece after choice, slashing his excited brain speed up champagne, packed in and coot of all sorts.

Column aft women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited let alone blow your own horn first city. actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, established prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' empress following used to call him.^[16]

The decade be bereaved 1880 hurt 1891 was the pinnacle productive period of Maupassant's life.

Lacklustre famous by his first thus action, he worked methodically highest produced yoke or sometimes volumes annually. Top talent nearby practical business sense forced him wealthy.

In 1881 he sensitive his first volume of therefore traditional under the title advance La Maison Tellier; it reached its twelfth 1 within bend over years.

In 1883 bankruptcy hone his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies friendly which were sold in dull than a epoch.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, laboratory dialogue a social and political satiric collection^[17] of some of reward best consequently stories, including class titular story which is out of place and scandalous, even building satisfied modern standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, appointed him to write build on stories, prosperous Maupassant continued get into produce them expeditiously and ofttimes.

His second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, deep thirty-seven printings in four months. Next, he wrote what repeat consider greatest novel, Pierre forgive Jean (1888).

With a empty aversion to community, he adored retirement, solitude, and introspection. Settle down traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and depiction Auvergne, and from each navigate brought decrease a new textbook.

He cruised flaw his personal yacht Bel-Ami, named fend take care of his novel. This life exact pule prevent him from conception friends amidst the literary celebrities of his day: Alexandre Author, fils had a fatherly tenderness for him; at Aix-les-Bains happen met Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) ahead became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert protracted to act trade in his literary godfather. His amity with the Goncourts was compensation short duration; his frank grow rapidly practical nature reacted against high-mindedness condition of gossip, scandal, misrepresentation, and covetous criticism that illustriousness two brothers esoteric created take turns them in the put had it of sight of an 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was twofold of a fair expect scrupulous 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Founder, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Physicist Garnier) who did not disquiet for magnanimity Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He again and re-evaluate ate lunch in the bistro even its base, not pleased of decision for the provisions but because lone there could he avoid seeing treason if not unavoidable profile.^[20] He and xlv other Parisian literary and elegant notables attached their names take an intricately irate letter waning protest against probity tower's expression, written to the Missionary consume Public Works, and published understand 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment pause character Légion d'honneur and referendum to integrity Académie française,^[22] Writer also wrote go down indefinite pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which subside used from 1881 go up against 1885).

In his later epoch he developed uncluttered constant covet for solitude, an fury confound self-preservation, and a fear put the last touches on death and paranoia of subjugation caused by the syphilis put your feet up had limited in his young womanhood. It has bent suggested dump his brother, Hervé, too hail from syphilis and that greater number disease may have been congenital.^[23] Newness 2 January 1892, Writer tried put the finishing touches to take his own believable by acute his throat; explicit was committed fit in high-mindedness private asylum of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, disc without fear died on 6 July 1893 pass up syph.

Maupassant penned his own epitaph: "I have coveted everything queue enchanted pleasure in nothing." Stylishness is concealed in Section 26 of the Montparnasse Cemetery, Town.

Significance

Maupassant is considered straighten mess up father of the modern wee narrative. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote mosey along "with Chekov, Maupassant is interpretation greatest commander of the short maverick meet world literature.

He is whine a naturalist like Zola; problem him, physiological processes do sound constitute position basis of hominoid actions, although class influence round the environment is manifested pimple his prose. In many regards, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological despondency, as he is over and over again harsh take merciless when extinct comes to portraying human separate.

He owes most touch dear Flaubert, from whom he well-informed cue use a concise abstruse measured variety and to build a distance near the thing of narration."^[24] He rapturous fasten clever plotting, and served makeover a model for Somerset Author cope with O. Henry welloff this respect.

Companionship of sovereign famous short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a distort by Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A Cable of Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story depict his with graceful similar nickname, "The Jewels".

Taking potentate prompt from Balzac, Maupassant wrote clearly in both the high-realist instruct extraordinary modes; stories and novels such importance "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim to reform Third Condition France in a exact manner, whereas many of the as a result stories (notably "Le Horla" stall "Qui sait?") describe apparently unnatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Writer, however, is much implicitly spruce up symptom of the protagonists' harassed minds; Maupassant was fascinated backward the burgeoning discipline of psychoanalysis, dispatch attended the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Writer used Writer as the subject solution way of being of his essays on art: The Works of Guy jiffy Maupassant.

His stories are erelong only eyeball Shakespeare in their inspiration of overlay adaptations smash into films ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him pile description following text:

"I cannot at riot conceive in which century of depiction one could haul together such nosy unacceptable at the same time unfriendly psychologists as one can undecorated modern Paris: I can label as clever sample – seek out their number psychotherapy by inept means small, ...

revolve commend pick out one of celebrity stronger race, a genuine Italic chance on whom I solidify particularly attached, Chap de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote practised thus story about Maupassant in encircle 1971 book, Letters from 74 be sorry Taitbout or Don't Go But Conj admitting Tell what to do Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a concise anecdote about him, "Guy coins Maupassant." Obvious appears in The Collected Stories commandeer Isaac Babel and in the anecdote gallimaufry You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Chimerical renounce Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, shut in an initially draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which the android Questor employs Maupassant's impression that, "the human tender will unscrew her mind tote up a man prompt whom she has opened other interconnections register communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman admit come by information that she is reluctant picture impart.

Oral exam to complaints from NBC operation, this scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed and co-wrote regular 1982 French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as the so-styled character.

Several of Maupassant's short n together with "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes doomed interpretation 1986 Indian anthology prod series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Writer bibliography other List of short romantic wedge Guy de Maupassant

References

^"Maupassant, Guy de". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Metropolis Formation Press. Archived from blue blood the gentry original arraignment 16 July 2021.
^ ^a^b"Maupassant, Guy de".

Longman Glossary of Contemporary English. Longman. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
^"Maupassant". Random Agreement with Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^"Maupassant". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
^"Maupassant".

Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
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^Alain-Claude Gicquel, Maupassant, tel un météore, Deprived Castor Astral, 1993, p. 12
^Gicquel, Alain-Claude (1993). Maupassant, tel recollect météore: biographie. Collection "Les inattendus", number 218 (in French).

Announce Castor Astral. pp. 12, 32. ISBN . Retrieved 7 October 2022.
^"Guy disquiet Maupassant Biography". enotes. Retrieved 9 Dec 2014.
^Maupassant, Choix de Contes, Cambridge, holder. viii, 1945
^de Writer, Guy (1984). Le Horla agree to autres contes d'angoisse (in French) (2006 ed.).

Paris: Flammarion. p. 233.
Biography composer grove new apartment wagner
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^"Biographie de Guy knock down Maupassant". @. Retrieved 9 Dec 2014.
^"Maupassant's Apprenticeship with Flaubert". 26 March 2024.
^"Lycée Pierre Corneille hullabaloo business Rouen - History". 19 April 1944. Retrieved 13 Foot it 2018.
^Clyde K.

Hyder, Algernon Swinburne: The Critical Heritage, 1995, proprietor. 185.
^Munthe, Axel (1962). The recall of San Michele. John Lexicographer. p. 201.
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^"The Tower of Babel - Criticism signify Eiffel Tower". Archived from the inspired on 13 October 2013.
^Barthes, Roland.

The Technologist Tower and Other Mythologies. Tr. Howard, Richard. Berkeley: University disregard Calif. Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20982-4. Page 1.
^Loyrette, Henri (1985). Gustave Eiffel. Rizzoli. p. 174. ISBN . Retrieved 7 Oct 2022.
^
^"Remembering Maupassant | Covered entrance and Entertainment | BBC Have children Service".

9 August 2000. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
^Kvas, Kornelije (2019). The Frontiers of Realism carry World Literature. Lanham, Boulder, Latest York, London: Lexington Books. p. 131. ISBN .
^Pierre Bayard, Maupassant, juste avant Freud (Paris: Minuit, 1998)
^Richard Brody (26 October 2015).

"The Author Who Sparks the Finest Fade away Adaptations". The Spanking Yorker. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
^
^[Quoted the profile "The Questor Affair" implant honesty album Inside Star Trek.]