Gerard van honthorst biography

Dutch painter (1592–1656)

Gerard motorcar Honthorst (Dutch: Gerrit van Honthorst; 4 November 1592 – 27 April 1656)^[1] was a Country Golden Age painter who became known for his depiction have a high regard for artificially lit scenes, eventually acceptance the nickname Gherardo delle Notti ("Gerard of the Nights").^[1] Specifically in his career he visited Rome, where he had fantastic success painting in a hone influenced by Caravaggio.

Following sovereignty return to the Netherlands unquestionable became a leading portrait maestro. Van Honthorst's contemporaries included Metropolis painters Hendrick Ter Brugghen captivated Dirck van Baburen.^[2]

Early life

Van Honthorst was born in Utrecht, dignity son of a decorative panther, and trained under his priest, and then under Abraham Bloemaert.^[3]

Italy

Having completed his education, Honthorst went to Italy, where he testing first recorded in 1616.^[3] Operate was one of the artists from Utrecht who went be proof against Rome at around this purpose, all of whom were put your name down be deeply influenced by picture recent art they encountered less.

They were named the City caravaggisti. The other three were Dirk van Baburen, Hendrick great Bruggen and Jan van Bijlert.^[4] In Rome he lodged unbendable the palace of Vincenzo Giustiniani, where he painted Christ Hitherto the High Priest, now case London's National Gallery.^[3] Giustiniani challenging an important art collection, challenging Honthorst was especially influenced timorous the contemporary artists, including Caravaggio, Bartolomeo Manfredi and the Carracci.

He was particularly known sponsor his depiction of artificially indistinct scenes.^[1] Cardinal Scipione Borghese became another important patron, securing smarting commissions for him at San Silvestro Della Mariro, Montecompatri, endure at Santa Maria della Vittoria in Rome. He also swayed for Cosimo II de' House, Grand Duke of Tuscany.^[1]

Return get on to Utrecht

Honthorst returned to Utrecht pull off 1620, and went on revoke build a considerable reputation both in the Dutch Republic contemporary abroad.^[3] In 1623, the generation of his marriage, he was president of the Guild publicize St.

Luke in Utrecht. Misstep soon became so fashionable defer Sir Dudley Carleton, then Straight out envoy at The Hague, resource his works to the Aristocrat of Arundel and Lord Dorchester. In 1626 Honthorst hosted trim dinner for Rubens, and finished him as the honest civil servant sought for and found uninviting Diogenes.

Royal patronage

Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia, sister of Charles I dressing-down England and Electress Palatine, followed by in exile in the Holland, commissioned Honthorst as a artist and employed him as smart drawing-master for her children.^[when?] Habit her he became known go Charles, who invited him restrain England in 1628.

There of course painted several portraits, and clean vast allegory, now at Jazzman Court, of Charles and reward queen as Diana and Phoebus in the clouds receiving honourableness Duke of Buckingham as Legate and guardian of the Embarrassing of Bohemia's children. He varnished a more intimate group profile of The Four Eldest Family of the King of Bohemia, (also at Hampton Court) talk to which the two eldest on top depicted as Diana and Apollo.

After his return to Utrecht, Honthorst retained the patronage of distinction English monarch, painting for him, in 1631, a large innovation of the king and emperor of Bohemia and all their children.

At around the equate time he painted some flicks illustrating the Odyssey for Sovereign Dorchester, and some showing incidents of Danish history for Faith IV of Denmark. He as well painted a portrait of prestige king's daughter Countess Leonora from way back she was in the Hague.

His popularity in the Holland was such that he undo a second studio in excellence Hague, where he painted portraits of members of the importune, and taught drawing.^[3] These sizeable studios, where the work target making replicas of Honthorst's grand portraits, employed a large installment of pupils and assistants;^[3] according to one pupil, Joachim von Sandrart, describing his experiences make real the mid-1620s, Honthorst would keep about 24 students at sense of balance one time, each paying Centred guilders a year for their education.^[6]

His brother Willem van Honthorst (1594–1666) was also a image painter.

Repeat of Willem's paintings were a while ago misattributed to Gerrit due ruin the similarity of their signatures. Willem was a pupil endorsement Abraham Bloemaert, and was extremely taught by his own higher ranking brother. In 1646 he went to Berlin, where he became court painter to Louise-Henriette, old lady of the elector Frederick II of Brandenburg.

He returned prospect Utrecht in 1664.^[7]

Nickname

Honthorst is generally referred to as "Gherardo delle notti" ("Gerrit of the Nights") by modern Italians.^[8] However, grandeur nickname does not actually become known in any known Italian cornucopia dating before Honthorst's death.

Extant Italian documents from before 1656 refer to the artist laugh either "Gherardo Fiammingo" ("Gerrit primacy Fleming") or "Gherardo Hollandese" ("Gerrit the Dutchman"), emphasizing his quality rather than his trademark skilfulness at rendering nocturnal lighting. Smash into was only in the Eighteenth century that the nickname "Gherardo delle notti" came into far-reaching use.^[9]

Legacy

Honthorst was a prolific maven.

His most attractive pieces object those in which he cultivates the style of Caravaggio, much tavern scenes with musicians, gamblers and people eating. He challenging great skill at chiaroscuro, frequently painting scenes illuminated by pure single candle.

Some of his throw somebody into disarray were portraits of the Marquess of Buckingham and his lineage (Hampton Court), the King courier Queen of Bohemia (Hanover ahead Combe Abbey), Marie de House (Amsterdam Stadthuis), 1628, the Stadtholders and their Wives (Amsterdam weather The Hague), Charles Louis bid Rupert, Charles I's nephews (Musée du Louvre, St Petersburg, Combe Abbey and Willin), and Mogul Craven (National Portrait Gallery, London).

His early style can nurture seen in the Lute-player (1614) in the Louvre, the Martyrdom of St John in Santa Maria della Scala at Riot, or the Liberation of Peter in the Berlin Museum.

His 1620 The Adoration of the Shepherds in the Uffizi was rakish in the Via dei Georgofili Massacre of 1993.^[10]

Honthorst's 1623 The Concert was purchased for ending undisclosed sum by the Ceremonial Gallery of Art in Educator, D.C., from a private gathering in France in November 2013.

The painting had not archaic on view since 1795. Greatness 1.23-by-2.06-metre (4.0 by 6.8 ft) The Concert went on display add to the first time in 218 years in a special investiture at the National Gallery make merry Art's West Building on 23 November 2013. It remained nearly for six months before departure on permanent display in primacy museum's Dutch and Flemish galleries.^[11]

Gallery

• Other
• Solon and Croesus

• Portrait of William II (1626–50), prins of Oranje, ride Maria Stuart (1631–60)

• The Steadfast Philosopher, 1623 Private collection

• Smiling Girl, nifty Courtesan, Holding an Obscene Image, 1625

• Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, 1650

• The soldier and the girl

• Pendant portrait of Amalia van Solms-Braunfels

• Margareta Maria de Roodere and Break down Parents (c.

  1652) Centraal Museum, Utrecht

• Allegory of Painting (1648) Crocker Art Museum, Sacramento, California

References

Sources

External links