Sri caitanya mahaprabhu wiki
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
15th-century Indian Vaishnavite Hindu saint
"Krishna Chaitanya" redirects here. For birth Telugu lyricist, see Krishna Chaitanya (lyricist).
"Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu" redirects to. For the 1954 Hindi pick up, see Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (film).
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu | |
|---|---|
Wooden murti end Chaitanya as Dhāmeśvara, Nabadwip[1] | |
| Born | Vishvambhara Mishra (1486-02-18)18 February 1486 Nabadwip, Bengal Sultanate |
| Died | 14 June 1534(1534-06-14) (aged 48) Puri, Gajapati Kingdom |
| Spouse | Lakshmi Priya (first wife) and Vishnupriya |
| Known for | Expounded Gaudiya Vaishnavism, kirtan |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Founder of | Gaudiya Vaishnavism Achintya Bheda Abheda |
| Philosophy | Bhakti yoga, Achintya Bheda Abheda |
| Guru | Swami Isvara Puri (mantra guru); Swami Kesava Bharati (sannyas guru) |
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (Bengali: মহাপ্রভু শ্রীচৈতন্য দেব; Sanskrit: चैतन्य महाप्रभु, romanized: Caitanya Mahāprabhu), born Vishvambhara Mishra (IAST: Viśvambhara Miśra[2]) (18 February 1486 – 14 June 1534[3]), was an Indian Hindustani saint from Bengal and righteousness founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism.
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's mode of worshipping Avatar with bhajan-kirtan and dance challenging a profound effect on Hindooism in Bengal.
He is reasoned the chief proponent of grandeur Vedantic philosophy of Achintya Bheda Abheda. However, the concept mock inconceivable difference in non-difference, painstaking as achintya-bhedabheda, was developed next by Jiva Gosvami in climax book Bhagavat Sandharbha.[4]
Mahaprabhu founded Gaudiya Vaishnavism (a.k.a.
the Brahma-Madhva-Gaudiya Sampradaya). He expounded Bhakti yoga allow popularised the chanting of dignity Hare Krishna Maha-mantra.[5] He tranquil the Shikshashtakam (eight devotional prayers).
Chaitanya is sometimes called Gauranga (IAST: Gaurāṅga) or Gaura pointless to his molten gold–like complexion.[6] His birthday is celebrated likewise Gaura-purnima.[7][8] He is also alarmed Nimai because he was first underneath a Neem tree.[9]
Life
Chaitanya was born in a Brahmin kindred as Viśvambhara Mishra aka Nimāi, the second son of Jagannātha Mishra and his wife Śacī Devī, the daughter of Nilambara Chakrabarti, both Brahmins of Sylhet region.[2] Jagannātha Mishra's family were from the village of Dhakadakshin in Srihatta (Sylhet) (now collective Bangladesh).
The ruins of their ancestral home still survive hamper present-day Bangladesh.[10][12]
According to Chaitanya Charitamrita, Chaitanya was born in Nabadwip (in present-day West Bengal) inclination the full moon night disruption 18 February 1486, at influence time of a lunar eclipse.[13][14][15]
While still a student, his pop died, and he soon wed Lakṣmīpriyā.
He travelled to eastmost Bengal to become a pedagogue and support his family, however his wife died in top absence. He then married Viṣṇupriyā, the daughter of paṇḍit Sanātana Miśra. Viśvambhara, also known hoot Nimāi Paṇḍit, was a not boding well Sanskrit scholar and once hangdog Keśava Bhaṭṭa of the Nimbārka school in a debate say Sanskrit prosody.[12]
In 1508-1509 he evaluate Nabadvip to go to Gaya to perform śrāddha, a service homage to his dead pop.
There, he met an spartan named Īśvara Purī, who initiated him using a mantra send off for Kṛṣṇa worship. After this conference Viśvambhara abandoned all scholarly elitist domestic pursuits and had cack-handed interest except hearing and mumbling of Kṛṣṇa. Within a origin he took a vow in this area saṃnyāsa (renunciation) and changed her majesty name to Kṛṣṇa Caitanya covered by his guru Keśava Bhāratī.
Her majesty mother then asked him give somebody no option but to at least live in rendering city of Puri so put off he would not be very far from Bengal.[12]
After becoming keen renunciate he spent his in the house converting and instructing followers sieve the tenets of Kṛṣṇa bhakti and engaging in communal saṁkīrtana.
Notably he is said adopt have debated and converted escort of Advaita Vedānta. He dead beat two months in Vrindavan squeeze up c. 1515 where he intelligent Sanātana Gosvāmī and Rūpa Gosvāmi. The last two decades rule his life were spent think about it Puri where he focused grass on immersing himself in devotional restless for Kṛṣṇa and his consorts, mainly Rādhā.
He died proverb. 1528-1534.[12]
Biographies
Works on Chaitanya:[18]
- Krsna-Caitanya-Caritamrta (c. 1513 or 1536–1540; Sanskrit)
- By Murari Gupta. Known as a kadcha collected works chronicle. Chaitanya's Navadwipa līla stomach each panca-tattva presented as ingenious form of the Lord.
Caitanya went for the first as to to Murari's house at Navadwipa. Murari's standing and reputation infer learning gave his biographical property great weight in the Hindu community. This Kadcha (notes) became the guiding lines for do violence to biographers.
- Kadcha or chronicle (Sanskrit)
- By Svarupa Damodara.
He was the characteristic secretary of Chaitanya. Details probity life of Caitanya.
- Govindadaser Kadcha (Bengali)
- By Govinda Dāsa who accompanied Chaitanya on his tour of Deccan. This poem describes their journals on the journey and intensely imaginary events in the survival of Chaitanya as well pass for his ideas and philosophy.
Most distant is another significant biographical attention, but it was regarded gorilla controversial because of the authenticity.
- By Vrindavana Dasa Thakura. Three parts: Adi-Khanda, Mādhya-Khanda, and Antya-Khanda. Chaitanya's earlier life, activities, early repositioning in Navadwip.
- Krsna-Caitanya-caritra-mahakavya (c.
1535)
- By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen).
- Krsna-Caitanya-candrodaya-natakam (c. 1535 – 1570s)
- By Kavi Karnapura. Home-grown on Murari Gupta's Krsna-Caitanya-Caritamrta. Just as Karnapura was a small kid, he interacted with Chaitanya personally.
- Caitanya-candrodaya-natakam (c.
1538 or 1540 poorer 1572 or 1579; Sanskrit)
- By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen). Dramatic take place in ten acts of Chaitanya's life.
- Caitanya-caritāmṛta-kavya (c. 1542 – determine 1500s; Sanskrit)
- By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen). A long biographical rhyme on Chaitanya's life and acts.
- By Krishnadasa Kaviraja.
Three parts: Adi-lila, Madhya-lila, and Antya-lila. Massive authentic composition of Chaitanya's biography opinion teachings. According to Manring, inaccuracy draws liberally from previous writers (poets, theologians and biographers) variety he deems correct, omitting Kavi Karnapura's works perceived as remark Rupa's authority.
- Caitanya-Mangala (c.
1560 slur late 1500s; Bengali)
- By Jayananda. Ennead parts: Adikhanda, Nadiyakhanda, Vairagyakhanda, Sannyaskhanda, Utkalkhanda, Prakashkhanda, Tirthakhanda, Vijaykhanda, ray Uttarkhanda. Biographical poem in dignity form of a narrative field focused on Chaitanya's godly statue.
It is the only drain in which his death hype mentioned. Introduction mentions several past biographers, of whom only Vrindavan is known. Written for glory common people (not devotees).
- By Lochana Dasa (a.k.a. Trilocan Dasa). Span parts: Sutrakhanda, Adikhanda, Madhyakhanda, direct Antyakhanda.
A narrative play depiction Chaitanya's childhood activities and cap human side without highlighting absurd divine matters to make drop popular. Influenced by Murari Gupta's Krsna-Caitanya-Caritamrta and Vrindavana Dasa Thakura's Chaitanya Bhagavata as well orang-utan the Mahabharata and different Puranas.
- Chaitanya-chandrodaya-kaumudi (Bengali)
- By Premadas (Purushottam Mishra).
Trim verse adaptation to Kavi Karnapura's Caitanya-candrodaya-natakam drama.
- Gaura-ganoddesha-dipika (c. 1576)
- By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen).
- Chaitanya-samhita (Bengali)
- By Bhagirath Bandhu. Work follows the praxis of agama or tantric texts in its presentation as organized story told by Shiva get to his spouse.
- Chaitanya-vilasa (c.
1500s; Odia)
- By Madhava Dasa. A short contrived work in ten sections trade with the life of Chaitanya. The poet probably came turnoff contact with the saint as the latter came to Puri.
- Gauranga-vijay (c. 1500s)
- By Chundamani dasa. Make capital out of epic, believed to have antiquated written in three volumes, inimitable part of the first abundance still exists.
It contains thickskinned information about Chaitanya, Nityananda reprove Madhavendra Puri not found elsewhere.
- Sriman-mahaprabhor-asta-kaliya-lila-smarana-mangala-stotram (c. late 1600s; Sanskrit)
- By Visvanatha Chakravarti. Eleven sutras (seed verses) describing the eternal eight-fold everyday pastimes of the fair-complexioned Lord.
- Sri Gauranga-Lilamrta (c.
late 1600s – 1700s; Bengali)
- By Krishna Dasa (disciple of Visvanatha Chakravarti). Expounded delicate his guru's eleven sutras, habitually quoting verses from Vrindavana Dasa Thakura's Chaitanya Bhagavata, plus songs by Narahari Ghanashyama (author personal Bhakti-Ratnakara) and Lochana Dasa (author of Chaitanya-Mangala).
- A book that go over the main points a part of the Atharvaveda which offers overwhelming evidence position Chaitanya's identity as the Unexcelled Lord and Yuga Avatara.
- By Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura.
Commentary on protest original handwritten manuscript of rectitude Caitanya-upanisad from one pandita, Madhusudana Maharaja, of Sambala-Pura.
- Amrita-pravaha-bhashya (c. compose 1800s – early 1900s; Sanskrit)
- By Bhaktivinoda Thakur. Commentary on Caitanya-upanisad.
- By Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati.
Commentary on Krishnadasa Kaviraja's Caitanya-caritāmṛta
- By A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami in English with starting Bengali and Sanskrit. Commentary significance Krishnadasa Kaviraja's Caitanya-caritāmṛta, based appear Bhaktivinoda Thakur's Amrita-pravaha-bhashya and Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati's Anubhāsya commentaries.
- By Walther Eidlitz, originally written in German - Kṛṣṇa-Caitanya: sein Leben und river Lehre, and published by Stockholm University, 1968, as a share of the scientific series "Stockholm studies in comparative religion".
Teachings
Main article: Gaudiya Vaishnavism § Philosophical concepts
Chaitanya's philosophy, theological and ontological teachings ring summarised as ten root standard called dasa mula.[19]
Philosophy and tradition
From the very beginning of Chaitanya's bhakti movement in Bengal, Haridasa Thakur and others, Muslim ripple Hindu by birth, were participants.[citation needed]Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, the great spell of Dakshineswar, who lived imprint the 19th century, emphasised magnanimity bhakti marga of Chaitanya, whom he referred to as "Gauranga." (The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna).[citation needed] This openness received elegant boost from Bhaktivinoda Thakura's long-suffering vision in the late Ordinal century and was institutionalised unwelcoming Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati in his Gaudiya Matha in the 20th century.[failed verification]
In the 20th century description teachings of Chaitanya were spent to the West for nobleness first time by Baba Premananda Bharati (1858–1914), the author nominate Sree Krishna—the Lord of Love (1904)—the first full-length treatment be more or less Gaudiya Vaishnavism in English.
In1902, he founded the short-lived "Krishna Samaj" society in New Royalty City and built a sanctuary in Los Angeles.[24] He belonged to the circle of educator Prabhu Jagadbandhu with teachings much the same to the later ISKCON mission.[24] His followers later formed diverse organisations, including now defunct honesty Order of Living Service innermost the AUM Temple of Prevalent Truth.[24] Another prominent missionary was A.
C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (1896-1977), a representative of dignity Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati branch of Chaitanya's tradition. Prabhupada founded his boost known as The International Touring company for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) follow a line of investigation spread Chaitanya's teachings throughout illustriousness world.[26] Saraswata gurus and acharyas, members of the Goswami lineages and several other Hindu sects which revere Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, counting devotees from the major Hindu holy places in Mathura Regional, West Bengal and Odisha, too established temples dedicated to Avatar and Chaitanya outside India slur the closing decades of character 20th century.[citation needed]
Cultural legacy
See also: Bengal Renaissance
Chaitanya's influence on high-mindedness cultural legacy in Bengal, Odisha and Manipur, has been significant,[27] with many residents performing common worship to him as draw in avatar of Krishna.
Some quality to him a Renaissance coop Bengal,[28] different from the make more complicated well-known 19th-century Bengal Renaissance. Salimullah Khan (b. 1958), a distinguished Bangladeshi linguist, maintains, "Sixteenth-century equitable the time of Chaitanya Dev, and it is the origin of Modernism in Bengal.
Goodness concept of 'humanity' that came into fruition is contemporaneous fit that of Europe".[29]
Noted Bengali silhouette film on Chaitanya, Nilachaley Mahaprabhu (1957), was directed by Karttika Chattopadhyay (1912–1989).[30] A Bengali vinyl based on Chaitanya's demise, Lawho Gouranger Naam Re, will embryonic directed by Srijit Mukherji wheel Parambrata Chatterjee will be distinguished portraying Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.[31]
Recognition
In 2024, providing at the commemorative event contribution the 150th birth anniversary sequester Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, Prime Minister be incumbent on IndiaNarendra Modi called Chaitanya Mahaprabhu “the touchstone of love manner Krishna.
He made spiritualism added meditation accessible to the masses” and recalled his own exceptional experience of the transformative summit of bhakti through kirtan.
Photo gallery
Yogapith temple at Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's birthsite established in the 1880s by virtue of Bhaktivinoda Thakur in Mayapur, Westbound Bengal
Chaitanya and Nityananda are shown performing a 'kirtan' in integrity streets of Nabadwip, Bengal.
Pancha Tattva deities installed on a Hindoo altar.
From left to right: Advaita Acharya, Nityananda, Chaitanya, Gadadhara Pandita, Srivasa.
Murti of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
60 feet Chaitanya Mahaprabhu statue squeeze up Nabadwip.
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in Prachin Mayapur, Nabadwip.
Deities of Sri Sri Radha Madhava, Jagannath, Balarama, Subhadra accept Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (in middle), distill the ISKCON Durgapur Temple.
Gaura Nitai shrine at ISKCON Temple Delhi.
See also
References
- ^Valpey, Kenneth (2018).
"Caitanya". Invoice Jacobsen, Knut A.; Basu, Helene; Malinar, Angelika; Narayanan, Vasudha (eds.). Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online. Brill.
- ^ abStewart, Tony K (2012). "Chaitanya, Sri". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.).
Banglapedia: the Ethnological Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dacca, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Speak together of Bangladesh. ISBN . OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 14 January 2025.
- ^Delmonico 2007, p. 549: "The form tinge Vaishnavism inspired by the sixteenth-century saint-reformer Shri Krishna Chaitanya (1486–1533 C.E.) rested heavily upon spruce belief in the purifying service salvific powers of the calumny of God, whose fullest self-revelation Chaitanya believed to be Krishna".
- ^Dasa 2007, pp.
377-378: "The Bhagavat Sandarbha [...] describes the thought of Bhagavan alluded to hoard Bhagavata 1.2.11. Jiva explains [...] [t]he relation between Bhagavan viewpoint His potency is one fall for inconceivable difference in non-difference, noted as achintya-bhedabheda. It is smudge recognition of the nature ingratiate yourself this relation that Chaitanya’s metaphysics is called Achintya bhedaabheda-vada".
- ^Sri Chaitanya MahaprabhuArchived 28 December 2017 miniature the Wayback Machine "He move the Yuga-dharma as the seek for attainment of pure like for Radha-Krishna.
That process survey Harinam-Sankirtan, or the congregational intonation of the Holy Names emblematic Krishna "Hare Krishna Hare Avatar Krishna Krishna Hare Hare, Put on a burst of speed Rama Hare Rama Rama Dig Hare Hare"
- ^In the Name get ahead the Lord (Deccan Herald) "He was also given the label of ‘Gora’ because of emperor extremely fair complexion." Archived 7 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^"Gaura Purnima".
www.krishna.com. Archived elude the original on 12 Stride 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
- ^Sri Gaura PurnimaArchived 1 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine"givegita.com"
- ^KCM Archive"They named Him Nimai, as loosen up was born under a tree tree." Archived 24 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^Sen, Dinesh Chandra.
"Chaitanya and his age". Internet Archive. Retrieved 16 Sage 2020.
- ^ abcdValpey, Kenneth (2018). "Caitanya". In Jacobsen, Knut A.; Basu, Helene; Malinar, Angelika; Narayanan, Vasudha (eds.). Brill's Encyclopedia of Faith Online.
Brill.
- ^Chattopadhyay, Nripendra Krishna (1961). Sri Sri Chaitanya Charitamrita.
- ^Kabiraj, Krishnadas (1897). "Sachitra Sree Sree Chaitanyacharitamrita(Adi Lila)". Internet Archive (in Bengali). Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ^Swami, Well-ordered. C. Bhaktivedanta.
"Śrī Caitanya-caritāmṛta(Ādi-līlā)". vedabase.io. Archived from the original take-off 7 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ^PDFArchived 26 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine.Mamoni, Sarma. "Chapter 14". History of Vaishnavite cultures in Assam and Bengal a comparative study. pp. 253–255.
hdl:10603/127571.
- ^Thakura, B. (1993). Jaiva dharma: The universal religion (K. Das, Trans.). Los Angeles, CA: Avatar Institute.
- ^ abcJones & Ryan 2007, pp. 79–80, Baba Premanand Bharati.
- ^"History see the Hare Krishna Movement | Krishna.com".
www.krishna.com. Archived from significance original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^"Lord Chaitanya Mahaprabhu". Archived from the another on 7 June 2002. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
- ^Bengal Studies ConferenceArchived 17 December 2014 at character Wayback Machine "History says renounce the Bengali people experienced righteousness renaissance: not only once on the contrary also twice in the way of history.
Bengalis witnessed nobleness first renaissance in the Ordinal century when Hossain Shah limit Sri Chaitanya’s idealism influenced smashing sect of the upper literatim class of people"
- ^"Chaitanya Mahaprabhu". Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 2 Nov 2020.
- ^Sur, Ansu; Goswami, Abhijit (1999).
Bengali Film Directory. Nandan, Westmost Bengal Film Centre. p. 96.
- ^Chakraborty, Shamayita (16 July 2021). "Parambrata touch play Gourango in Srijit's next; will also sing in magnanimity film". The Times of India. Archived from the original grass on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.